Tunicates are fascinating animals that develop a notochord during their larval stage, which they lose as they transition to adulthood. The notochord, a precursor to the backbone, is essential during their early life but becomes unnecessary as they mature. As adults, tunicates become sessile filter feeders.
Tunicates are fascinating marine animals that undergo a remarkable transformation during their life cycle. In their larval stage, tunicates possess a notochord, which is a flexible rod-like structure that serves as a precursor to the backbone. This notochord is crucial for the larvae's mobility, allowing them to swim and find a suitable surface to attach to.
When the larvae find a suitable surface, they attach themselves using adhesive structures called papillae. At this point, they undergo a dramatic metamorphosis. The notochord, along with other larval structures such as the tail and dorsal nerve cord, is resorbed and disappears. The body reorganizes itself, and adult structures such as the siphons, pharynx, and tunic (a protective outer layer) develop.
As adults, tunicates become sessile filter feeders. They remain anchored to a surface and filter water to obtain nutrients. They pump water through their bodies, trapping plankton and other small particles in their pharynx. This filter-feeding mechanism helps maintain water quality and plays a vital role in marine ecosystems.
Tunicates' ability to transition from a mobile larval stage to a stationary adult stage showcases their incredible adaptability and the complexity of their life cycle.